Welding sources
Welding professionals are required to gather in formation from reputed welding sources available in the world.http://www.totalmateria.com
Codes and standards are an essential source of valuable information for design as well as manufacture. ASMEhttp://www.asme.org , ASTMhttp://www.astm.org ,SAEhttp://www.sae.org ,AISI, JIS , DIN , ISO , BIS , BS are ready reference materials for proper designs as well as product manufacture.http://www.iso.org
There are many equipment and consumable manufacturers all over the world for supplying very simple to very sophisticated equipments and consumables.http://www.esabna.com
There are many jobbing centres for taking care of different manufacturing and one off job requirements in many countries.
Welding reference books
AWS welding hand books 6th edition vol 1,2,3,4,5:part 1,2,3,4
Welding metallurgy vol 1,2 Linnert
ASM hand book .Welding,brazing,soldering
Welding process technology Houldcraft
Welding for engineers Udin,Funk,Wolf.
Metallurgy of welding Lancaster
Weldability of steels RD Stout
Welding metallurgy and weldability Lippold
Welding metallurgy S Kou
Advanced welding processes Norris
Design of welded joints Blodgett
Christopher B. Smith, John F. Hinrichs, & Wade A. Crusan, Robotic Friction Stir Welding: State of the Art.
Welding codes and standards
BIS Bureau of Indian standards IS
British Standard Association BS
American National Standards Institute ANSI
American Welding Society AWS
American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME
American Society of Testing Materials ASTM
American Petroleum Institue API
German Standards issued by the DIN DIN
Japanese Industrial Standards JIS
Canadian Standards Association CSA
French Standards NF
International Standards Organisation ISO
List of useful ISO standards for reference.
| Standard Number | Description |
|---|---|
| ISO 2553 | Welded, brazed and soldered joints – symbolic representation on drawings (1992) |
| ISO 2560 | Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Classification |
| ISO 3580 | Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of creep-resisting steels – Code of symbols for identification |
| ISO 3581 | Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of stainless and other similar high alloy steels – Code of symbols for identification |
| ISO 3834 | Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, five parts. |
| ISO 4063 | Welding and allied processes – Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers |
| ISO 5817 | Welding. Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded). Quality levels for imperfections |
| ISO 6520-1 | Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding |
| ISO 6520-2 | Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 2: Welding with pressure |
| ISO 6947 | Welds. Working positions. Definitions of angles of slope and rotation |
| ISO 9606 | Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding, parts 1 to 5 |
| ISO 9692-1 | Welding and allied processes. Recommendations for joint preparation. Manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels |
| ISO 9692-2 | Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Submerged arc welding of steels |
| ISO 9692-3 | Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Part 3: TIG and MIG welding of aluminium and its alloys |
| ISO 13847 | Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation systems – Welding of pipelines |
| ISO 13916 | Welding – Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat mainteanance temperature |
| ISO 13918 | Welding – Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding |
| ISO 13919-1 | Welding – Electron and laser-beam welded joints – Guidance on quality level for imperfections – Part 1: Steel |
| ISO 13919-2 | Welding – Electron and laser-beam welded joints – Guidance on quality level for imperfections – Part 2: Aluminium and its weldable alloys |
| ISO 13920 | Welding – General tolerances for welded constructions – Dimensions for lengths and angles – Shape and position |
| ISO 14112 | Gas welding equipment – Small kits for gas brazing and welding |
| ISO 14175 | Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes. Replaced EN 439:1994 in Europe. |
| ISO 14341 | Welding consumables. Wire electrodes and deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels. Classification |
| ISO 14554 | Resistance welding |
| ISO 14744 | Electron beam welding, six parts |
| ISO 15607 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials – General rules |
| ISO/TR 15608 | Welding – Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system |
| ISO 15609 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials – Welding procedure specification, five parts. |
| ISO 15610 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on tested welding consumables |
| ISO 15611 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on previous welding experience |
| ISO 15612 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure |
| ISO 15613 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test |
| ISO 15614 | Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials – Welding procedure test, 13 parts. |
| ISO 15615 | Gas welding equipment. Acetylene manifold systems for welding, cutting and allied processes. Safety requirements in high-pressure devices |
| ISO 15618-1 | Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-welders for hyperbaric wet welding |
| ISO 15618-2 | Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-welders and welding operators for hyperbaric dry welding |
| ISO 17635 | Non-destructive testing of welds. General rules for metallic materials |
| ISO 17660-1 | Welding – Welding of reinforcing steel – Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints |
| ISO 17660-2 | Welding – Welding of reinforcing steel – Part 1: Non-load bearing welded joints |
| ISO/TR 20172 | Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials |
| ISO/TR 20173 | Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials |
| ISO/TR 20174 | Welding — Grouping systems for materials — Japanese materials |
| ISO 24394 | Welding for aerospace applications. Qualification test for welders and welding operators. Fusion welding of metallic components |
Welding procedure development
Every establishment must equip themselves to develop WPS
for fabrication of products.
Welding defects and prevention
Welding technology is very complex.Defects are discontinuities
and the acceptance or rejection depends on the influence of them on service.Thorough knowledge in this area helps in good quality joints suitable for intended service.
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